?SrSSKrSSKrSSKrSSKrSSKJr "SS\R5rSr \ S:Xa\R"5 gg)uThis module tests SyntaxErrors. Here's an example of the sort of thing that is tested. >>> def f(x): ... global x Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: name 'x' is parameter and global The tests are all raise SyntaxErrors. They were created by checking each C call that raises SyntaxError. There are several modules that raise these exceptions-- ast.c, compile.c, future.c, pythonrun.c, and symtable.c. The parser itself outlaws a lot of invalid syntax. None of these errors are tested here at the moment. We should add some tests; since there are infinitely many programs with invalid syntax, we would need to be judicious in selecting some. The compiler generates a synthetic module name for code executed by doctest. Since all the code comes from the same module, a suffix like [1] is appended to the module name, As a consequence, changing the order of tests in this module means renumbering all the errors after it. (Maybe we should enable the ellipsis option for these tests.) In ast.c, syntax errors are raised by calling ast_error(). Errors from set_context(): >>> obj.None = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> None = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to None >>> obj.True = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> True = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to True >>> (True := 1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot use assignment expressions with True >>> obj.__debug__ = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> __debug__ = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> (__debug__ := 1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> del __debug__ Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot delete __debug__ >>> f() = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? >>> yield = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: assignment to yield expression not possible >>> del f() Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot delete function call >>> a + 1 = 2 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? >>> (x for x in x) = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to generator expression >>> 1 = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? >>> "abc" = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? >>> b"" = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? >>> ... = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to ellipsis here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? >>> `1` = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax If the left-hand side of an assignment is a list or tuple, an illegal expression inside that contain should still cause a syntax error. This test just checks a couple of cases rather than enumerating all of them. >>> (a, "b", c) = (1, 2, 3) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal >>> (a, True, c) = (1, 2, 3) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to True >>> (a, __debug__, c) = (1, 2, 3) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> (a, *True, c) = (1, 2, 3) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to True >>> (a, *__debug__, c) = (1, 2, 3) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> [a, b, c + 1] = [1, 2, 3] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression >>> [a, b[1], c + 1] = [1, 2, 3] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression >>> [a, b.c.d, c + 1] = [1, 2, 3] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression >>> a if 1 else b = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to conditional expression >>> a = 42 if True Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected 'else' after 'if' expression >>> a = (42 if True) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected 'else' after 'if' expression >>> a = [1, 42 if True, 4] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected 'else' after 'if' expression >>> if True: ... print("Hello" ... ... if 2: ... print(123)) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> True = True = 3 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to True >>> x = y = True = z = 3 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to True >>> x = y = yield = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: assignment to yield expression not possible >>> a, b += 1, 2 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'tuple' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment >>> (a, b) += 1, 2 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'tuple' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment >>> [a, b] += 1, 2 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'list' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment Invalid targets in `for` loops and `with` statements should also produce a specialized error message >>> for a() in b: pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> for (a, b()) in b: pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> for [a, b()] in b: pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> for (*a, b, c+1) in b: pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression >>> for (x, *(y, z.d())) in b: pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> for a, b() in c: pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> for a, b, (c + 1, d()): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression >>> for i < (): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> for a, b Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> with a as b(): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> with a as (b, c()): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> with a as [b, c()]: pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> with a as (*b, c, d+1): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression >>> with a as (x, *(y, z.d())): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> with a as b, c as d(): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> with a as b Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> p = p = Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax Comprehensions without 'in' keyword: >>> [x for x if range(1)] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'in' expected after for-loop variables >>> tuple(x for x if range(1)) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'in' expected after for-loop variables >>> [x for x() in a] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> [x for a, b, (c + 1, d()) in y] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression >>> [x for a, b, (c + 1, d()) if y] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'in' expected after for-loop variables >>> [x for x+1 in y] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression >>> [x for x+1, x() in y] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to expression Comprehensions creating tuples without parentheses should produce a specialized error message: >>> [x,y for x,y in range(100)] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target? >>> {x,y for x,y in range(100)} Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: did you forget parentheses around the comprehension target? # Missing commas in literals collections should not # produce special error messages regarding missing # parentheses, but about missing commas instead >>> [1, 2 3] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma? >>> {1, 2 3} Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma? >>> {1:2, 2:5 3:12} Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma? >>> (1, 2 3) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma? # Make sure soft keywords constructs don't raise specialized # errors regarding missing commas or other spezialiced errors >>> match x: ... y = 3 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> match x: ... case y: ... 3 $ 3 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> match x: ... case $: ... ... Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> match ...: ... case {**rest, "key": value}: ... ... Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> match ...: ... case {**_}: ... ... Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax From compiler_complex_args(): >>> def f(None=1): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax From ast_for_arguments(): >>> def f(x, y=1, z): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: parameter without a default follows parameter with a default >>> def f(x, /, y=1, z): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: parameter without a default follows parameter with a default >>> def f(x, None): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> def f(*None): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> def f(**None): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> def foo(/,a,b=,c): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: at least one argument must precede / >>> def foo(a,/,/,b,c): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: / may appear only once >>> def foo(a,/,a1,/,b,c): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: / may appear only once >>> def foo(a=1,/,/,*b,/,c): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: / may appear only once >>> def foo(a,/,a1=1,/,b,c): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: / may appear only once >>> def foo(a,*b,c,/,d,e): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: / must be ahead of * >>> def foo(a=1,*b,c=3,/,d,e): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: / must be ahead of * >>> def foo(a,*b=3,c): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: var-positional argument cannot have default value >>> def foo(a,*b: int=,c): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: var-positional argument cannot have default value >>> def foo(a,**b=3): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: var-keyword argument cannot have default value >>> def foo(a,**b: int=3): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: var-keyword argument cannot have default value >>> def foo(a,*a, b, **c, d): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument >>> def foo(a,*a, b, **c, d=4): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument >>> def foo(a,*a, b, **c, *d): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument >>> def foo(a,*a, b, **c, **d): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument >>> def foo(a=1,/,**b,/,c): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument >>> def foo(*b,*d): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: * argument may appear only once >>> def foo(a,*b,c,*d,*e,c): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: * argument may appear only once >>> def foo(a,b,/,c,*b,c,*d,*e,c): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: * argument may appear only once >>> def foo(a,b,/,c,*b,c,*d,**e): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: * argument may appear only once >>> def foo(a=1,/*,b,c): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected comma between / and * >>> def foo(a=1,d=,c): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected default value expression >>> def foo(a,d=,c): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected default value expression >>> def foo(a,d: int=,c): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected default value expression >>> lambda /,a,b,c: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: at least one argument must precede / >>> lambda a,/,/,b,c: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: / may appear only once >>> lambda a,/,a1,/,b,c: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: / may appear only once >>> lambda a=1,/,/,*b,/,c: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: / may appear only once >>> lambda a,/,a1=1,/,b,c: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: / may appear only once >>> lambda a,*b,c,/,d,e: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: / must be ahead of * >>> lambda a=1,*b,c=3,/,d,e: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: / must be ahead of * >>> lambda a=1,/*,b,c: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected comma between / and * >>> lambda a,*b=3,c: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: var-positional argument cannot have default value >>> lambda a,**b=3: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: var-keyword argument cannot have default value >>> lambda a, *a, b, **c, d: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument >>> lambda a,*a, b, **c, d=4: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument >>> lambda a,*a, b, **c, *d: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument >>> lambda a,*a, b, **c, **d: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument >>> lambda a=1,/,**b,/,c: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: arguments cannot follow var-keyword argument >>> lambda *b,*d: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: * argument may appear only once >>> lambda a,*b,c,*d,*e,c: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: * argument may appear only once >>> lambda a,b,/,c,*b,c,*d,*e,c: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: * argument may appear only once >>> lambda a,b,/,c,*b,c,*d,**e: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: * argument may appear only once >>> lambda a=1,d=,c: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected default value expression >>> lambda a,d=,c: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected default value expression >>> lambda a,d=3,c: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: parameter without a default follows parameter with a default >>> lambda a,/,d=3,c: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: parameter without a default follows parameter with a default >>> import ast; ast.parse(''' ... def f( ... *, # type: int ... a, # type: int ... ): ... pass ... ''', type_comments=True) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: bare * has associated type comment From ast_for_funcdef(): >>> def None(x): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax From ast_for_call(): >>> def f(it, *varargs, **kwargs): ... return list(it) >>> L = range(10) >>> f(x for x in L) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> f(x for x in L, 1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized >>> f(x for x in L, y=1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized >>> f(x for x in L, *[]) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized >>> f(x for x in L, **{}) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized >>> f(L, x for x in L) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized >>> f(x for x in L, y for y in L) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized >>> f(x for x in L,) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized >>> f((x for x in L), 1) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> class C(x for x in L): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> def g(*args, **kwargs): ... print(args, sorted(kwargs.items())) >>> g(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, ... 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, ... 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, ... 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, ... 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, ... 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, ... 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, ... 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, ... 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, ... 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, ... 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, ... 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, ... 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, ... 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, ... 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, ... 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, ... 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, ... 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, ... 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, ... 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ..., 297, 298, 299) [] >>> g(a000=0, a001=1, a002=2, a003=3, a004=4, a005=5, a006=6, a007=7, a008=8, ... a009=9, a010=10, a011=11, a012=12, a013=13, a014=14, a015=15, a016=16, ... a017=17, a018=18, a019=19, a020=20, a021=21, a022=22, a023=23, a024=24, ... a025=25, a026=26, a027=27, a028=28, a029=29, a030=30, a031=31, a032=32, ... a033=33, a034=34, a035=35, a036=36, a037=37, a038=38, a039=39, a040=40, ... a041=41, a042=42, a043=43, a044=44, a045=45, a046=46, a047=47, a048=48, ... a049=49, a050=50, a051=51, a052=52, a053=53, a054=54, a055=55, a056=56, ... a057=57, a058=58, a059=59, a060=60, a061=61, a062=62, a063=63, a064=64, ... a065=65, a066=66, a067=67, a068=68, a069=69, a070=70, a071=71, a072=72, ... a073=73, a074=74, a075=75, a076=76, a077=77, a078=78, a079=79, a080=80, ... a081=81, a082=82, a083=83, a084=84, a085=85, a086=86, a087=87, a088=88, ... a089=89, a090=90, a091=91, a092=92, a093=93, a094=94, a095=95, a096=96, ... a097=97, a098=98, a099=99, a100=100, a101=101, a102=102, a103=103, ... a104=104, a105=105, a106=106, a107=107, a108=108, a109=109, a110=110, ... a111=111, a112=112, a113=113, a114=114, a115=115, a116=116, a117=117, ... a118=118, a119=119, a120=120, a121=121, a122=122, a123=123, a124=124, ... a125=125, a126=126, a127=127, a128=128, a129=129, a130=130, a131=131, ... a132=132, a133=133, a134=134, a135=135, a136=136, a137=137, a138=138, ... a139=139, a140=140, a141=141, a142=142, a143=143, a144=144, a145=145, ... a146=146, a147=147, a148=148, a149=149, a150=150, a151=151, a152=152, ... a153=153, a154=154, a155=155, a156=156, a157=157, a158=158, a159=159, ... a160=160, a161=161, a162=162, a163=163, a164=164, a165=165, a166=166, ... a167=167, a168=168, a169=169, a170=170, a171=171, a172=172, a173=173, ... a174=174, a175=175, a176=176, a177=177, a178=178, a179=179, a180=180, ... a181=181, a182=182, a183=183, a184=184, a185=185, a186=186, a187=187, ... a188=188, a189=189, a190=190, a191=191, a192=192, a193=193, a194=194, ... a195=195, a196=196, a197=197, a198=198, a199=199, a200=200, a201=201, ... a202=202, a203=203, a204=204, a205=205, a206=206, a207=207, a208=208, ... a209=209, a210=210, a211=211, a212=212, a213=213, a214=214, a215=215, ... a216=216, a217=217, a218=218, a219=219, a220=220, a221=221, a222=222, ... a223=223, a224=224, a225=225, a226=226, a227=227, a228=228, a229=229, ... a230=230, a231=231, a232=232, a233=233, a234=234, a235=235, a236=236, ... a237=237, a238=238, a239=239, a240=240, a241=241, a242=242, a243=243, ... a244=244, a245=245, a246=246, a247=247, a248=248, a249=249, a250=250, ... a251=251, a252=252, a253=253, a254=254, a255=255, a256=256, a257=257, ... a258=258, a259=259, a260=260, a261=261, a262=262, a263=263, a264=264, ... a265=265, a266=266, a267=267, a268=268, a269=269, a270=270, a271=271, ... a272=272, a273=273, a274=274, a275=275, a276=276, a277=277, a278=278, ... a279=279, a280=280, a281=281, a282=282, a283=283, a284=284, a285=285, ... a286=286, a287=287, a288=288, a289=289, a290=290, a291=291, a292=292, ... a293=293, a294=294, a295=295, a296=296, a297=297, a298=298, a299=299) ... # doctest: +ELLIPSIS () [('a000', 0), ('a001', 1), ('a002', 2), ..., ('a298', 298), ('a299', 299)] >>> class C: ... def meth(self, *args): ... return args >>> obj = C() >>> obj.meth( ... 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, ... 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, ... 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, ... 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, ... 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, ... 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, ... 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, ... 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, ... 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, ... 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, ... 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, ... 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, ... 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, ... 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, ... 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, ... 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, ... 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, ... 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, ... 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, ... 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ..., 297, 298, 299) >>> f(lambda x: x[0] = 3) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="? # Check that this error doesn't trigger for names: >>> f(a={x: for x in {}}) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax The grammar accepts any test (basically, any expression) in the keyword slot of a call site. Test a few different options. >>> f(x()=2) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="? >>> f(a or b=1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="? >>> f(x.y=1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="? >>> f((x)=2) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="? >>> f(True=1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to True >>> f(False=1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to False >>> f(None=1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to None >>> f(__debug__=1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> __debug__: int Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> f(a=) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected argument value expression >>> f(a, b, c=) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected argument value expression >>> f(a, b, c=, d) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected argument value expression >>> f(*args=[0]) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to iterable argument unpacking >>> f(a, b, *args=[0]) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to iterable argument unpacking >>> f(**kwargs={'a': 1}) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to keyword argument unpacking >>> f(a, b, *args, **kwargs={'a': 1}) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to keyword argument unpacking More set_context(): >>> (x for x in x) += 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'generator expression' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment >>> None += 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'None' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment >>> __debug__ += 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> f() += 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'function call' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment Test continue in finally in weird combinations. continue in for loop under finally should be ok. >>> def test(): ... try: ... pass ... finally: ... for abc in range(10): ... continue ... print(abc) >>> test() 9 continue in a finally should be ok. >>> def test(): ... for abc in range(10): ... try: ... pass ... finally: ... continue ... print(abc) >>> test() 9 >>> def test(): ... for abc in range(10): ... try: ... pass ... finally: ... try: ... continue ... except: ... pass ... print(abc) >>> test() 9 >>> def test(): ... for abc in range(10): ... try: ... pass ... finally: ... try: ... pass ... except: ... continue ... print(abc) >>> test() 9 A continue outside loop should not be allowed. >>> def foo(): ... try: ... pass ... finally: ... continue Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: 'continue' not properly in loop There is one test for a break that is not in a loop. The compiler uses a single data structure to keep track of try-finally and loops, so we need to be sure that a break is actually inside a loop. If it isn't, there should be a syntax error. >>> try: ... print(1) ... break ... print(2) ... finally: ... print(3) Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: 'break' outside loop Misuse of the nonlocal and global statement can lead to a few unique syntax errors. >>> def f(): ... print(x) ... global x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: name 'x' is used prior to global declaration >>> def f(): ... x = 1 ... global x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: name 'x' is assigned to before global declaration >>> def f(x): ... global x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: name 'x' is parameter and global >>> def f(): ... x = 1 ... def g(): ... print(x) ... nonlocal x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: name 'x' is used prior to nonlocal declaration >>> def f(): ... x = 1 ... def g(): ... x = 2 ... nonlocal x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: name 'x' is assigned to before nonlocal declaration >>> def f(x): ... nonlocal x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: name 'x' is parameter and nonlocal >>> def f(): ... global x ... nonlocal x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: name 'x' is nonlocal and global >>> def f(): ... nonlocal x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: no binding for nonlocal 'x' found From SF bug #1705365 >>> nonlocal x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: nonlocal declaration not allowed at module level From https://bugs.python.org/issue25973 >>> class A: ... def f(self): ... nonlocal __x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: no binding for nonlocal '_A__x' found This tests assignment-context; there was a bug in Python 2.5 where compiling a complex 'if' (one with 'elif') would fail to notice an invalid suite, leading to spurious errors. >>> if 1: ... x() = 1 ... elif 1: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? >>> if 1: ... pass ... elif 1: ... x() = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? >>> if 1: ... x() = 1 ... elif 1: ... pass ... else: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? >>> if 1: ... pass ... elif 1: ... x() = 1 ... else: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? >>> if 1: ... pass ... elif 1: ... pass ... else: ... x() = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? Missing ':' before suites: >>> def f() ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> def f[T]() ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> class A ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> class A[T] ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> class A[T]() ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> class R&D: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> if 1 ... pass ... elif 1: ... pass ... else: ... x() = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> if 1: ... pass ... elif 1 ... pass ... else: ... x() = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> if 1: ... pass ... elif 1: ... pass ... else ... x() = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> for x in range(10) ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> for x in range 10: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> while True ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> with blech as something ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> with blech ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> with blech, block as something ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> with blech, block as something, bluch ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> with (blech as something) ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> with (blech) ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> with (blech, block as something) ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> with (blech, block as something, bluch) ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> with block ad something: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> try ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> try: ... pass ... except ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> match x ... case list(): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> match x x: ... case list(): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> match x: ... case list() ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> match x: ... case [y] if y > 0 ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected ':' >>> if x = 3: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='? >>> while x = 3: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='? >>> if x.a = 3: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to attribute here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? >>> while x.a = 3: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to attribute here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? Missing parens after function definition >>> def f: Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected '(' >>> async def f: Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected '(' >>> def f -> int: Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected '(' >>> async def f -> int: # type: int Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected '(' >>> async def f[T]: Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected '(' >>> def f[T] -> str: Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected '(' Parenthesized arguments in function definitions >>> def f(x, (y, z), w): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Function parameters cannot be parenthesized >>> def f((x, y, z, w)): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Function parameters cannot be parenthesized >>> def f(x, (y, z, w)): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Function parameters cannot be parenthesized >>> def f((x, y, z), w): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Function parameters cannot be parenthesized >>> lambda x, (y, z), w: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Lambda expression parameters cannot be parenthesized >>> lambda (x, y, z, w): None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Lambda expression parameters cannot be parenthesized >>> lambda x, (y, z, w): None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Lambda expression parameters cannot be parenthesized >>> lambda (x, y, z), w: None Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Lambda expression parameters cannot be parenthesized Custom error messages for try blocks that are not followed by except/finally >>> try: ... x = 34 ... Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected 'except' or 'finally' block Custom error message for try block mixing except and except* >>> try: ... pass ... except TypeError: ... pass ... except* ValueError: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try' >>> try: ... pass ... except* TypeError: ... pass ... except ValueError: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try' >>> try: ... pass ... except TypeError: ... pass ... except TypeError: ... pass ... except* ValueError: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try' >>> try: ... pass ... except* TypeError: ... pass ... except* TypeError: ... pass ... except ValueError: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try' Ensure that early = are not matched by the parser as invalid comparisons >>> f(2, 4, x=34); 1 $ 2 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> dict(x=34); x $ y Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> dict(x=34, (x for x in range 10), 1); x $ y Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> dict(x=34, x=1, y=2); x $ y Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax Incomplete dictionary literals >>> {1:2, 3:4, 5} Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: ':' expected after dictionary key >>> {1:2, 3:4, 5:} Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expression expected after dictionary key and ':' >>> {1: *12+1, 23: 1} Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot use a starred expression in a dictionary value >>> {1: *12+1} Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot use a starred expression in a dictionary value >>> {1: 23, 1: *12+1} Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot use a starred expression in a dictionary value >>> {1:} Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expression expected after dictionary key and ':' # Ensure that the error is not raised for syntax errors that happen after sets >>> {1} $ Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax # Ensure that the error is not raised for invalid expressions >>> {1: 2, 3: foo(,), 4: 5} Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> {1: $, 2: 3} Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax Specialized indentation errors: >>> while condition: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'while' statement on line 1 >>> for x in range(10): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'for' statement on line 1 >>> for x in range(10): ... pass ... else: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'else' statement on line 3 >>> async for x in range(10): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'for' statement on line 1 >>> async for x in range(10): ... pass ... else: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'else' statement on line 3 >>> if something: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'if' statement on line 1 >>> if something: ... pass ... elif something_else: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'elif' statement on line 3 >>> if something: ... pass ... elif something_else: ... pass ... else: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'else' statement on line 5 >>> try: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'try' statement on line 1 >>> try: ... something() ... except: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'except' statement on line 3 >>> try: ... something() ... except A: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'except' statement on line 3 >>> try: ... something() ... except* A: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'except*' statement on line 3 >>> try: ... something() ... except A: ... pass ... finally: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'finally' statement on line 5 >>> try: ... something() ... except* A: ... pass ... finally: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'finally' statement on line 5 >>> with A: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1 >>> with A as a, B as b: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1 >>> with (A as a, B as b): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1 >>> async with A: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1 >>> async with A as a, B as b: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1 >>> async with (A as a, B as b): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'with' statement on line 1 >>> def foo(x, /, y, *, z=2): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after function definition on line 1 >>> def foo[T](x, /, y, *, z=2): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after function definition on line 1 >>> class Blech(A): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after class definition on line 1 >>> class Blech[T](A): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after class definition on line 1 >>> match something: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'match' statement on line 1 >>> match something: ... case []: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'case' statement on line 2 >>> match something: ... case []: ... ... ... case {}: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'case' statement on line 4 Make sure that the old "raise X, Y[, Z]" form is gone: >>> raise X, Y Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> raise X, Y, Z Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax Check that an multiple exception types with missing parentheses raise a custom exception >>> try: ... pass ... except A, B: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized >>> try: ... pass ... except A, B, C: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized >>> try: ... pass ... except A, B, C as blech: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized >>> try: ... pass ... except A, B, C as blech: ... pass ... finally: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized >>> try: ... pass ... except* A, B: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized >>> try: ... pass ... except* A, B, C: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized >>> try: ... pass ... except* A, B, C as blech: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized >>> try: ... pass ... except* A, B, C as blech: ... pass ... finally: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized Custom exception for 'except*' without an exception type >>> try: ... pass ... except* A as a: ... pass ... except*: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expected one or more exception types >>> f(a=23, a=234) Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: keyword argument repeated: a >>> {1, 2, 3} = 42 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to set display here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? >>> {1: 2, 3: 4} = 42 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to dict literal here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? >>> f'{x}' = 42 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to f-string expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? >>> f'{x}-{y}' = 42 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to f-string expression here. Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='? >>> (x, y, z=3, d, e) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='? >>> [x, y, z=3, d, e] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='? >>> [z=3] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='? >>> {x, y, z=3, d, e} Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='? >>> {z=3} Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='? >>> from t import x, Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: trailing comma not allowed without surrounding parentheses >>> from t import x,y, Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: trailing comma not allowed without surrounding parentheses >>> import a from b Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead? >>> import a.y.z from b.y.z Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead? >>> import a from b as bar Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead? >>> import a.y.z from b.y.z as bar Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead? >>> import a, b,c from b Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead? >>> import a.y.z, b.y.z, c.y.z from b.y.z Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead? >>> import a,b,c from b as bar Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead? >>> import a.y.z, b.y.z, c.y.z from b.y.z as bar Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Did you mean to use 'from ... import ...' instead? # Check that we dont raise the "trailing comma" error if there is more # input to the left of the valid part that we parsed. >>> from t import x,y, and 3 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> from i import Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Expected one or more names after 'import' >>> from .. import Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Expected one or more names after 'import' >>> import Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Expected one or more names after 'import' >>> (): int Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: only single target (not tuple) can be annotated >>> []: int Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: only single target (not list) can be annotated >>> (()): int Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: only single target (not tuple) can be annotated >>> ([]): int Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: only single target (not list) can be annotated # 'not' after operators: >>> 3 + not 3 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized >>> 3 * not 3 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized >>> + not 3 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized >>> - not 3 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized >>> ~ not 3 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized >>> 3 + - not 3 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized >>> 3 + not -1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'not' after an operator must be parenthesized # Check that we don't introduce misleading errors >>> not 1 */ 2 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> not 1 + Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> not + 1 + Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax Corner-cases that used to fail to raise the correct error: >>> def f(*, x=lambda __debug__:0): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> def f(*args:(lambda __debug__:0)): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> def f(**kwargs:(lambda __debug__:0)): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> with (lambda *:0): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: named arguments must follow bare * Corner-cases that used to crash: >>> def f(**__debug__): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> def f(*xx, __debug__): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> import ä £ Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid character '£' (U+00A3) Invalid pattern matching constructs: >>> match ...: ... case 42 as _: ... ... Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot use '_' as a target >>> match ...: ... case 42 as 1+2+4: ... ... Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid pattern target >>> match ...: ... case Foo(z=1, y=2, x): ... ... Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: positional patterns follow keyword patterns >>> match ...: ... case Foo(a, z=1, y=2, x): ... ... Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: positional patterns follow keyword patterns >>> match ...: ... case Foo(z=1, x, y=2): ... ... Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: positional patterns follow keyword patterns >>> match ...: ... case C(a=b, c, d=e, f, g=h, i, j=k, ...): ... ... Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: positional patterns follow keyword patterns Uses of the star operator which should fail: A[:*b] >>> A[:*b] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> A[:(*b)] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: cannot use starred expression here >>> A[:*b] = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> del A[:*b] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax A[*b:] >>> A[*b:] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> A[(*b):] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: cannot use starred expression here >>> A[*b:] = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> del A[*b:] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax A[*b:*b] >>> A[*b:*b] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> A[(*b:*b)] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> A[*b:*b] = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> del A[*b:*b] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax A[*(1:2)] >>> A[*(1:2)] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: Invalid star expression >>> A[*(1:2)] = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: Invalid star expression >>> del A[*(1:2)] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: Invalid star expression A[*:] and A[:*] >>> A[*:] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: Invalid star expression >>> A[:*] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax A[*] >>> A[*] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: Invalid star expression A[**] >>> A[**] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax A[**b] >>> A[**b] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> A[**b] = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> del A[**b] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax def f(x: *b) >>> def f6(x: *b): pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> def f7(x: *b = 1): pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax **kwargs: *a >>> def f8(**kwargs: *a): pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax x: *b >>> x: *b Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> x: *b = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax Invalid bytes literals: >>> b"Ā" Traceback (most recent call last): ... b"Ā" ^^^ SyntaxError: bytes can only contain ASCII literal characters >>> b"абвгде" Traceback (most recent call last): ... b"абвгде" ^^^^^^^^ SyntaxError: bytes can only contain ASCII literal characters >>> b"abc ъющый" # first 3 letters are ascii Traceback (most recent call last): ... b"abc ъющый" ^^^^^^^^^^^ SyntaxError: bytes can only contain ASCII literal characters Invalid expressions in type scopes: >>> type A[] = int Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty >>> class A[]: ... Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty >>> def some[](): ... Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty >>> def some[]() Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty >>> async def some[]: # type: int Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: Type parameter list cannot be empty >>> def f[T: (x:=3)](): pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound >>> def f[T: ((x:= 3), int)](): pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint >>> def f[T = ((x:=3))](): pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default >>> async def f[T: (x:=3)](): pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound >>> async def f[T: ((x:= 3), int)](): pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint >>> async def f[T = ((x:=3))](): pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default >>> type A[T: (x:=3)] = int Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound >>> type A[T: ((x:= 3), int)] = int Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint >>> type A[T = ((x:=3))] = int Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default >>> def f[T: (yield)](): pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound >>> def f[T: (int, (yield))](): pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint >>> def f[T = (yield)](): pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default >>> def f[*Ts = (yield)](): pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVarTuple default >>> def f[**P = [(yield), int]](): pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a ParamSpec default >>> type A[T: (yield 3)] = int Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound >>> type A[T: (int, (yield 3))] = int Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint >>> type A[T = (yield 3)] = int Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default >>> type A[T: (await 3)] = int Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: await expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound >>> type A[T: (yield from [])] = int Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound >>> class A[T: (yield 3)]: pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar bound >>> class A[T: (int, (yield 3))]: pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar constraint >>> class A[T = (yield)]: pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVar default >>> class A[*Ts = (yield)]: pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a TypeVarTuple default >>> class A[**P = [(yield), int]]: pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a ParamSpec default >>> type A = (x := 3) Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within a type alias >>> type A = (yield 3) Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a type alias >>> type A = (await 3) Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: await expression cannot be used within a type alias >>> type A = (yield from []) Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within a type alias >>> class A[T]((x := 3)): ... Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: named expression cannot be used within the definition of a generic >>> class A[T]((yield 3)): ... Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within the definition of a generic >>> class A[T]((await 3)): ... Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: await expression cannot be used within the definition of a generic >>> class A[T]((yield from [])): ... Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: yield expression cannot be used within the definition of a generic >>> f(**x, *y) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: iterable argument unpacking follows keyword argument unpacking >>> f(**x, *) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Invalid star expression >>> f(x, *:) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Invalid star expression >>> f(x, *) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Invalid star expression >>> f(x = 5, *) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Invalid star expression >>> f(x = 5, *:) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Invalid star expression N)supportc\rSrSrS*SjrSrSrSrSrSr S r S r S r S r S rSrSrSrSrSrSrSrSrSrSrSr\R6S5r\R6S5r\R6S5r\R6S5rSr Sr!Sr"S r#S!r$S"r%S#r&S$r'S%r(\R6S&5r)\R6S'5r*\R6S(5r+S)r,g)+SyntaxTestCaseiNc [XU5 URS5 g![Gan U(a.[X5(dURSUR-5 [ R "U[U 55n U cURSU<35 URU RU5 UbURU RU5 UbURU RU5 UbURU RU5 U b!URU RU 5 Sn A gSn A gSn A ff=f)zCheck that compiling code raises SyntaxError with errtext. errtest is a regular expression that must be present in the test of the exception raised. If subclass is specified it is the expected subclass of SyntaxError (e.g. IndentationError). z#compile() did not raise SyntaxErrorzSyntaxError is not a %sNzSyntaxError did not contain )compilefail SyntaxError isinstance__name__researchstr assertEqualfilenamelinenooffset end_lineno end_offset) selfcodeerrtextrmodesubclassrrrrerrmos 7/opt/alt/python313/lib64/python3.13/test/test_syntax.py _check_errorSyntaxTestCase._check_errors = DD )$ II; <# = 3 9 9 3h6G6GGH7CH-Bz gGH   S\\8 4!  V4!  V4%  <%  <<& =s D?DD::D?c&URSSSS9 g)Nzprint(end1 + end2 = ' ')z=expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="?)rrrs rtest_expression_with_assignment.SyntaxTestCase.test_expression_with_assignments  & K  c&URSSSS9 g)Nzf{}invalid syntaxsinglerr!r"s r1test_curly_brace_after_primary_raises_immediately@SyntaxTestCase.test_curly_brace_after_primary_raises_immediatelys %!1Ar%c(URSS5 g)Nzf() = 1assignr!r"s rtest_assign_callSyntaxTestCase.test_assign_calls )X.r%cURSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS 5 URS S 5 URS S 5 URS S 5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URS S5 URS!S5 URS"S#5 URS$S5 g)%Nzdel (,)r'zdel 1zcannot delete literalz del (1, 2)zdel Nonezcannot delete Nonezdel *xzcannot delete starredzdel (*x)zcannot use starred expressionz del (*x,)z del [*x,]zdel f()zcannot delete function callz del f(a, b)z del o.f()z del a[0]()z del x, f()z del f(), xzdel [a, b, ((c), (d,), e.f())]zdel (a if True else b)zcannot delete conditionalzdel +azcannot delete expressionz del a, +bz del a + bzdel (a + b, c)zdel (c[0], a + b)z del a.b.c + 2zdel a.b.c[0] + 2zdel (a, b, (c, d.e.f + 2))zdel [a, b, (c, d.e.f[0] + 2)]z del (a := 5)zcannot delete named expressionz del a += br!r"s rtest_assign_delSyntaxTestCase.test_assign_dels )%56 '#:; ,(?@ *&:; ($;< *&EF +'>? +'>? )%BC -)FG +'DE ,(EF ,(EF ,(EF :? +'AB +'AB *,FG -/IJ /+EF ,.HI 68RS 9;UV .*JK ,(89r%c*SnURUSSS9 g)Nzif 1: def error(a): global a # SyntaxError def error2(): b = 1 global b # SyntaxError zparameter and globalrr!rsources rtest_global_param_err_first*SyntaxTestCase.test_global_param_err_first s! &"8Cr%c*SnURUSSS9 g)Nzif 1: def error(a): nonlocal a # SyntaxError def error2(): b = 1 global b # SyntaxError zparameter and nonlocalr4r5r!r6s rtest_nonlocal_param_err_first,SyntaxTestCase.test_nonlocal_param_err_first s! &":1Er%cHURSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URS S5 URS S5 g) Nz if 0: yieldoutside functionzif 0: yield else: x=1zif 1: pass else: yieldzwhile 0: yieldzwhile 0: yield else: x=1zclass C: if 0: yieldz#class C: if 1: pass else: yieldzclass C: while 0: yieldz(class C: while 0: yield else: x = 1r!r"s rtest_yield_outside_function*SyntaxTestCase.test_yield_outside_function! s -8JK 38JK 38JK *8JK 68JK 38JK A, . 68JK F, .r%cHURSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URSS5 URS S5 URS S5 g) Nz if 0: returnr>zif 0: return else: x=1zif 1: pass else: returnzwhile 0: returnzclass C: if 0: returnzclass C: while 0: returnz'class C: while 0: return else: x=1z$class C: if 0: return else: x= 1z$class C: if 1: pass else: returnr!r"s rtest_return_outside_function+SyntaxTestCase.test_return_outside_function. s .9KL 49KL 49KL +9KL 49KL 79KL E, . B, . B, .r%cSnURSUSS9 URSUSS9 URSUSS9 URSUSS9 URS USS9 URS US S9 URS USS9 g) Nz outside loopbreakr5z if 0: breakzif 0: break else: x=1zif 1: pass else: breakzclass C: if 0: breakz#class C: if 1: pass else: breakr4zwith object() as obj: breakr!rmsgs rtest_break_outside_loop&SyntaxTestCase.test_break_outside_loop< s '3q1 -Q7 3SC 3SC 3SC Aa  ) 9a  )r%cSnURSUSS9 URSUSS9 URSUSS9 URSUSS9 URS US S9 URS USS9 g) Nznot properly in loopzif 0: continuerFr5zif 0: continue else: x=1zif 1: pass else: continuerGzclass C: if 0: continuez&class C: if 1: pass else: continuer4z"with object() as obj: continuer!rHs rtest_continue_outside_loop)SyntaxTestCase.test_continue_outside_loopH s$ *C: 6AF 6AF 6AF Da  ) ?a  )r%c.URSS[S9 g)Nz foo() bar() zunexpected indentrrIndentationErrorr"s rtest_unexpected_indent%SyntaxTestCase.test_unexpected_indentS s +-@#3  5r%c.URSS[S9 g)Nz if 1: foo()zexpected an indented blockrPrQr"s rtest_no_indentSyntaxTestCase.test_no_indentW s .*F#3  5r%c.URSS[S9 g)Nzif 1: foo() bar()z unindent does not match .* levelrPrQr"s rtest_bad_outdentSyntaxTestCase.test_bad_outdent[ s 2<#3  5r%c(URSS5 g)Nzint(base=10, '2')z,positional argument follows keyword argumentr!r"s rtest_kwargs_lastSyntaxTestCase.test_kwargs_last` s -H Jr%c(URSS5 g)Nzint(**{'base': 10}, '2')z6positional argument follows keyword argument unpackingr!r"s rtest_kwargs_last2 SyntaxTestCase.test_kwargs_last2d s 47 8r%c(URSS5 g)Nzint(**{'base': 10}, *['2'])z>iterable argument unpacking follows keyword argument unpackingr!r"s rtest_kwargs_last3 SyntaxTestCase.test_kwargs_last3i s 77 8r%c ,URSSSSSSS9 g)Nzexecz8Empty line after a line continuation character is valid.zN\ def fib(n): \ '''Print a Fibonacci series up to n.''' \ a, b = 0, 1 zJ\ def fib(n): '''Print a Fibonacci series up to n.''' a, b = 0, 1 z/Indented statement over multiple lines is valid)rr r)rss1s2s rtest_empty_line_after_linecont-SyntaxTestCase.test_empty_line_after_linecont} s   R Az6 *   I B F + B F +% R IIP Q R& I IIG H Is 1AAAA0/A0c>SnUR[[U5 g)Nz(\ if x: y = 1 \ foo = 1 ) assertRaisesrRrurrs r!test_continuation_bad_indentation0SyntaxTestCase.test_continuation_bad_indentation s  *D$7r%cURSS5 URSS5 URSS5 SHn[SUS3SS S 9 M g) Nzclass A[__classdict__]: passz?reserved name '__classdict__' cannot be used for type parameterzdef f[__classdict__](): passz,type T[__classdict__] = tuple[__classdict__]) __class__ __classcell____classdictcell__z class A: class B[z]: pass rur))rr)rnames r test_disallowed_type_param_names/SyntaxTestCase.test_disallowed_type_param_names st 8Y \ 8Y \ HY \ HD  F" 0Hr%cSn[S5H'nUSU-S3- nUSUS--S3- nUSU-S3- nM) USS 3- nURUS 5 g) N z ztry: rFzraise Exception zexcept Exception as e: z0 pass!too many statically nested blocks)ranger)rris rtest_nested_named_except_blocks.SyntaxTestCase.test_nested_named_except_blocks s~rA vaxj' 'D vqs|n$56 6D vaxj 89 9D 8*D!! $ CDr%c|SnSnUS- n[U5H4nURSU<35 [U"U5SS5 SSS5 M6 [X3S-5H9nURSU<35 URU"U5S 5 SSS5 M; g!,(df  M=f!,(df  M_=f) Ncr[R"S5n[U5H nUSUS3- nM US- nU$)Nz] def bug(): with ( a  as a, a ): yield a)textwrapdedentrnrrs rget_codeJSyntaxTestCase.test_with_statement_many_context_managers..get_code sG??$D 1X(1#U++ L DKr%rFwithin range: n=rtruout of range: n=rrsubTestrrrr CO_MAXBLOCKS MAX_MANAGERSrs r)test_with_statement_many_context_managers8SyntaxTestCase.test_with_statement_many_context_managers s  #a' |$A 1qd34 Z854%|A%56A 1qd34!!(1+/RS5475454B4B, B) , B; c|SnSnUS- n[U5H4nURSU<35 [U"U5SS5 SSS5 M6 [X3S-5H9nURSU<35 URU"U5S 5 SSS5 M; g!,(df  M=f!,(df  M_=f) Nc[R"S5/n[U5HnURSUS35 M URS5 SR U5$)Nzi async def bug(): async with ( a rrrr)rrrappendjoinrs rrPSyntaxTestCase.test_async_with_statement_many_context_managers..get_code sY__&D 1X hqc/0 KK %774= r%rrFrrtrurrrrrs r/test_async_with_statement_many_context_managers>SyntaxTestCase.test_async_with_statement_many_context_managers s ! #a' |$A 1qd34 Z854%|A%56A 1qd34!!(1+/RS5475454rc,SnURUS5 g)Nzw def func1(): if a != b: raise ValueError def func2(): try return 1 finally: pass z expected ':'r!r}s r&test_barry_as_flufl_with_syntax_errors5SyntaxTestCase.test_barry_as_flufl_with_syntax_errors s  $/r%cpURSSSSS9 URSSSSS9 URSSS SS9 g) Nz a = 3 \ 46unexpected character after line continuation characterrFrl)rrz1,\# 2z fgdfgf 1,\# 2 r4r!r"s r-test_invalid_line_continuation_error_positionSyntaxTestCase.test_multiline_compiler_error_points_to_the_endZ s  ! '  r%c,SnURUS5 g)Na while 1: while 2: while 3: while 4: while 5: while 6: while 8: while 9: while 10: while 11: while 12: while 13: while 14: while 15: while 16: while 17: while 18: while 19: while 20: while 21: while 22: while 23: break rr!r6s r)test_syntax_error_on_deeply_nested_blocks8SyntaxTestCase.test_syntax_error_on_deeply_nested_blocksa s2 &"EFr%cSS-S-nSHGnURUS9 UR[S5 [USU5 SSS5 SSS5 MI g!,(df  N=f!,(df  Ml=f)N-i4)ruevalr(r)z too complexrt)rassertRaisesRegex MemoryErrorr)rr7rs r#test_error_on_parser_stack_overflow2SyntaxTestCase.test_error_on_parser_stack_overflow sbv#.D4(++KHFJ5I)(/HH)(s"A(AA( A% !A(( A7 cSnUR[5 [USS5 SSS5 g!,(df  g=f)Nz,d{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{```{{{{{{{ef f():yrtru)r|r rr6s rtest_deep_invalid_rule%SyntaxTestCase.test_deep_invalid_rule s0@   { + FJ /, + +s/ =)rruNNNNN)-r __module__ __qualname____firstlineno__rr#r*r.r1r8r;r?rBrJrMrSrVrYr\r_rbrhrmrqryr~r cpython_onlyrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr__static_attributes__rr%rrrsqCGKO=< B/:>DF . . ) )555 J8 8 L J J I@ 8 00$ EE TT2 TT20" .:72 SR**  !G!GF 66 00r%rcNUR[R"55 U$)N)addTestdoctest DocTestSuite)loadertestspatterns r load_testsr s MM'&&() Lr%__main__) __doc__r rrunittesttestrTestCaserrr mainrr%rrsPw"rE R0X&&R0j  z MMOr%